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    Published : 2026-06-01
    Vol. 74 No. 3 (2026)

    The Sadness and Regret of Caesar Julian the Apostate after the Departure of His Friend and Advisor Salustios: Oration IV of Caesar Julian the Apostate

    Anna Pająkowska-Bouallegui

    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-8098

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/rh26743.4

    Abstract

    Emperor Julian the Apostate is one of the most interesting rulers in the history of the Roman state. In the autumn of 355, due to the difficult political situation in the West of the Empire, Emperor Constantius II appointed Julian as Caesar. Among the associates of Caesar Julian at the Gallic court was the questor Saturninus Secundus Salustios, who quickly became an important figure to Julian – his true friend and confidant. Caesar Julian, due to Salustios’s forced departure from Gaul following numerous court intrigues, was overwhelmed by regret and sadness, which he expressed in Oration IV – A Consolation to Himself upon the Departure of the Excellent Sallust. It is also a praise of friendship understood by Julian as based on spiritual kinship, the same level of education, and common ideals. Oration IV can aspire to be a rhetorical and philosophical work, a key text for understanding the beginnings of Julian’s career and very important for understanding the intellectual culture of his times. 

    Keywords:

    Julian the Apostate, Saturninus Secundus Salustius, Oration IV of Julian the Apostate



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    Roczniki Humanistyczne · ISSN 0035-7707 | eISSN 2544-5200 | DOI: 10.18290/rh
    © The Learned Society of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin & The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Humanities

    Articles are licensed under a Creative Commons  Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)