Published : 2025-08-04

Cultural Transfer and the Occult: The Reception of Esoteric Practices from West Germany in Socialist Poland

Abstract

While esoteric practices in the GDR became largely marginalised, investigations into paranormal phenomena in West Germany developed into an autonomous field of research, as evidenced by the Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene in Freiburg i.B. The institute was founded by the psychologist and physician Hans Bender, who gained an international reputation and whose name was known also in socialist Poland. The paper examines selected aspects of the cultural transfer of esoteric practices from West Germany in the 1970s and 1980s. It addresses the following topics: the reception of Hans Bender’s ideas in socialist Poland, the dissemination of selected anthroposophic concepts, the importance of German publications for Leszek Szuman’s books on astrology and the occult, and the exemplary role of the German magazine Esotera for the Polish monthly Biuletyn Psychotronika: Trzecie Oko. The analysis of these issues also helps to highlight the significance of cultural brokers. The focus lies here on the theatre director, writer and promoter of esoteric practices Lech Emfazy Stefański, the literary translator and expert in anthroposophy and gnosis Jerzy Prokopiuk, the astrologer Leszek Szuman, and the journalist and New Age promoter Lucyna Winnicka.

Keywords:

cultural transfer, the occult, esoteric practices, West Germany, socialist Poland



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Roczniki Humanistyczne · ISSN 0035-7707 | eISSN 2544-5200 | DOI: 10.18290/rh
© The Learned Society of the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin & The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Humanities

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