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    Published : 2025-05-08
    No. Online First

    Prospects for the Development of Protective Structures in Poland Compared to the Experience of Some Other Countries

    Aleksandra Skrabacz

    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-810X

    Paulina Gajewska

    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7738-7632

    Irena Szewczyk

    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-0525

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/rns2025.0017

    Abstract

    Protective buildings, as structures for both collective and individual protection of civilians, are one of the most effective ways of ensuring safety in situations of military and non-military threats. The total disintegration of the system of civil protection and civil defence in Poland, and with it the devastation of existing shelters and hiding places, as well as the lack of new investments, has resulted in less than 4% of the population in Poland being provided with protective structures. Meanwhile, global solutions in this area indicate that investing in protective structures is an investment in the safety of the civilian population. The article analyses solutions to this issue in countries such as Switzerland, Israel and Ukraine, in order to provide relevant recommendations for Poland.

    Keywords:

    protective structures, shelters and hiding places, Switzerland, Israel, Ukraine, Poland



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    Artykuły w czasopiśmie dostępne są na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)