Published : 2026-06-29

“The Twice Born” in Leo Tolstoy’s Novel War and Peace

Abstract

The author analyzes one of the protagonists of Leo Tolstoy’s novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov, as a “twice born” man, a category introduced by Tolstoy’s contemporary, William James, after Francis W. Newman. The author believes that James’ analyses in his Religious Experiences provide concepts that are adequate for reading and interpreting the situation of anxiety faced by Pierre Bezukhov. She describes the first phase of his life as the phase of “healthy thinking”. She believes that the second phase of his existence completely deconstructs the first one because of Pierre’s experience of captivity. It is then that Pierre undergoes an existential crisis. The author traces the development of his life from the “healthy thinking” stage through crisis to the stage of piousness. In addition, the accuracy of Tolstoy’s diagnoses against those of James are judged.

Keywords:

Tolstoy, Bezukhov, James, twice born, existential crisis



Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

pdf (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Głąb, A. M. (2026). “The Twice Born” in Leo Tolstoy’s Novel War and Peace. Roczniki Filozoficzne, 74(2), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.18290/rf26742.3

Altmetric indicators


Cited by / Share


Roczniki Filozoficzne · ISSN 0035-7685 | eISSN 2450-002X
© Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II

Articles are licensed under a Creative Commons  Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)