Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Amjad, A., & Dasti, R. (2022). Humor styles, emotion regulation and subjective well-being in young adults. Current Psychology, 41(9), 6326-6335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01127-y

Antonovici, L. (2018). Sense of humor in romantic relationships and friendships. In V. Manolachi, C. M. Rus, & R. S. Rusnac (Eds.), New Approaches in Social and Humanistic Sciences-NASHS 2017 (pp. 37–55). Editura Lumen, Asociatia Lumen. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.nashs2017.3

Arnett, J. J. (2024). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197695937.001.0001

Attardo, S. (Ed.). (2014). Encyclopedia of Humor Studies. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483346175

Beins, B. C., & O’Toole, S. M. (2010). Searching for the sense of humor: Stereotypes of ourselves and others. European Journal of Psychology, 6, 267–287. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v6i3.216

Bippus, A. M., Dunbar, N. E., & Liu, S. J. (2012). Humorous responses to interpersonal complaints: Effects of humor style and nonverbal expression. The Journal of Psychology, 146(4), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.652696

Booth-Butterfield, M., & Wanzer, M. B. (2017). Humor, stress, and coping. In R. Christopher (Ed.), The Psychology of Humor at Work: A Psychological Perspective (pp. 76–95). Routledge.

Borgella, A. M., Howard, S., & Maddox, K. B. (2020). Cracking wise to break the ice: The potential for racial humor to ease interracial anxiety. Humor, 33, 105–135. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0133

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005

Burro, R., Fermani, A., Bongelli, R., Riccioni, I., Muzi, M., Bertolazzi, A., & Canestrari, C. (2022). The robust Italian validation of the Coping Humor Scale (RI-CHS) for adult health care workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), Article 2522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052522

Cann, A., & Collette, C. (2014). Sense of humor, stable affect, and psychological well-being. European Journal of Psychology, 10(3), 464–479. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.746

Cann, A., & Calhoun, L. G. (2001). Perceived personality associations with differences in sense of humor: Stereotypes of hypothetical others with high or low senses of humor. Humor, 14(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.14.2.117

Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., & Nance, J. T. (2000). Exposure to humor before and after an unpleasant stimulus: Humor as a preventative or a cure. Humor, 13(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2000.13.2.177

Chan, Y. C. (2014). Emotional structure of jokes: A corpus-based investigation. Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 24(6), 3083–3090. https://doi.org/10.3233/bme-141130

Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834

Cheng, D., Chan, X. W., Amarnani, R. K., & Farivar, F. (2021). Finding humor in work–life conflict: Distinguishing the effects of individual and co-worker humor. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 125, Article 103538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103538

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555

Crawford, M., & Gressley, D. (1991). Creativity, caring, and context: Women’s and men’s accounts of humor preferences and practices. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1991.tb00793.x

Crawford, S. A., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2011). Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour. Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.577087

Deckman, K. A., & Skolnick, A. J. (2023). Targeting humor to cope with an unpleasant emotion: Disgust. Current Psychology, 42, 16356–16367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00798-x

Deshpande, D. R. (2012). A healthy way to handle workplace stress through yoga, meditation, and soothing humor. International Journal of Environmental Science, 2(4), 2143–2154. https://doi.org/10.6088/ijes.00202030097

Dionigi, A., Duradoni, M., & Vagnoli, L. (2021). Humor and anxiety: The relationship between the comic styles, worry and general well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 181, Article 111028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111028

Doornik, J. A., & Hansen, H. (2008). An omnibus test for univariate and multivariate normality. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70(S1), 927–939. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00537.x

Doosje, S., De Goede, M., Van Doornen, L., & Goldstein, J. (2010). Measurement of occupational humorous coping. Humor, 23(3), 275–305. https://doi.org/10.1515/HUMR.2010.013

Doosje, S., Landsheer, J. A., De Goede, M. P. M., & Van Doornen, L. J. P. (2012). Humorous coping scales and their fit to a stress and coping framework. Quality & Quantity, 46, 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-010-9348-2

Dozois, D. J., Martin, R. A., & Bieling, P. J. (2009). Early maladaptive schemas and adaptive/maladaptive styles of humor. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-008-9223-9

Falkenberg, I., Jarmuzek, J., Bartels, M., & Wild, B. (2011). Do depressed patients lose their sense of humor? Psychopathology, 44, 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1159/000317778

Fox, C. L., Hunter, S. C., & Jones, S. E. (2016). Longitudinal associations between humor styles and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1065

Furnham, A. (1986). Response bias, social desirability, and dissimulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(86)90014-0

Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1241–1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9380-0

Hampes W. (2016). The relationship between humor styles and forgiveness. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 338–347. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1012

Harrell, F. E., Jr., & Dupont, C. (2024). Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. Retrieved July 9, 2024, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Hmisc/index.html

Heen, M. S., Lieberman, J. D., & Miethe, T. D. (2014). A comparison of different online sampling approaches for generating national samples. Center for Crime and Justice Policy, 1(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24283.62243

Henze, N., & Zirkler, B. (1990). A class of invariant consistent tests for multivariate normality. Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods, 19(10), 3595–3617. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610929008830400

Hofmann, J., Platt, T., Lau, C., & Torres-Marín, J. (2023). Gender differences in humor-related traits, humor appreciation, production, comprehension, (neural) responses, use, and correlates: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 42, 16451–16464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00724-1

Holmes, J., & Marra, M. (2002). Over the edge? Subversive humor between colleagues and friends. Humor, 15(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2002.006

Hornowska, E., & Charytonik, J. (2011). Polska adaptacja Kwestionariusza Stylów Humoru (HSQ) R. Martina, P. Puhlik-Doris, G. Larsena, J. Gray, & K. Weir [Polish adaptation of the Humor Styles Questionnaire by R. Martin, P. Puhlik-Doris, G. Larsen, J. Gray, and K. Weir]. Studia Psychologiczne, 49(4), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10167-010-0032-x

Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Huang, C. L., Alimu, Y., Yang, S. C., & Kang, S. (2023). What you think is a joke is actually cyberbullying: The effects of ethical dissonance, event judgment and humor style on cyberbullying behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 142, Article 107670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107670

Huber, S., & Huber, O. W. (2012). The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS). Religions, 3(3), 710–724. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel3030710

Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). The Guilford Press.

Koshii, M., & Oikawa, M. (2024). Yūmoakōpingu shakudo sakusei no kokoromi [Development of a Humor Coping Scale]. tōkyōgakugeidaigaku kiyō sōgō kyōiku kagaku kei [Tokyo Gakugei University Bulletin, Comprehensive Education Science], 75, 105–114. http://hdl.handle.net/2309/0002000250

Krauss, U. (2023). The role of humor styles as a resilience factor in coping with stressful situations [Master’s thesis, Reichman University].

Kuiper, N. A. (2012). Humor and resiliency: Towards a process model of coping and growth. European Journal of Psychology, 8(3), 475–491. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v8i3.464

Kuiper, N. A., Martin, R. A., & Olinger, L. J. (1993). Coping humour, stress, and cognitive appraisals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0078791

Kyriazos, T. A. (2018). Applied psychometrics: The 3-faced construct validation method, a routine for evaluating a factor structure. Psychology, 9(8), 2044–2072. https://doi.org/ 10.4236/psych.2018.98117

Levine, J., Chapman, A. J., & Foot, H. C. (1976). Humor as a form of therapy: Introduction to symposium. In A. J. Chapman & Hugh C. Foot (Eds.), It’s a funny thing, humour: Proceedings of the International Conference on Humour and Laughter (p. 127). Pergamon.

Lefcourt, H. M. (2001). Humor: The Psychology of Living Buoyantly. Springer US.

Lefcourt, H. M., & Martin, R. A. (1986). Humor and life stress: Antidote to adversity. Springer-Verlag.

Mahajan, R., & Zaveri, M. (2020). Humor identification using affect-based content in target text. Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 39(1), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-191648

Mardia, K. V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.3.519

Martin, R. A., & Ford, T. (2018). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Elsevier Academic Press.

Martin, R. A., & Lefcourt, H. M. (1983). Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1313–1324. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1313

Martin, R. A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., & Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(1), 48–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00534-2

McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

McGhee, P. (2010). Humor as survival training for a stressed-out world: The 7 humor habits program. AuthorHouse.

McGrath, R. E. (2015). Character strengths in 75 nations: An update. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.888580

McGraw, A. P., & Warren, C. (2010). Benign violations: Making immoral behavior funny. Psychological science, 21(8), 1141–1149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610376073

Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2012). Mplus statistical software (Version 7). Muthen & Muthen.

Nazir, M., & Rafique, R. (2019). Empathy, styles of humor and social competence in university students. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17(1), 47–54.

Neuwirth, E. (2022). RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer palettes. Retrieved July 9, 2024, from https://cran.r-project.org/package=RColorBrewer

Nezlek, J. B., & Derks, P. (2001). Use of humor as a coping mechanism, psychological adjustment, and social interaction. Humor, 14, 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2001.011

Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). MacGraw-Hill.

Oh, J., Chopik, W. J., & Nuttall, A. K. (2020). The effects of obligation on relationships and well-being over time in middle adulthood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 44(6), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025420911089

Olah, A. R., & Ford, T. E. (2021). Humor styles predict emotional and behavioral responses to COVID-19. Humor, 34(2), 177–199. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2021-0009

Oliveira, R., Arriaga, P. & Barreiros, J. (2023). The role of humor in social, psychological, and physical well-being. HUMOR, 36(3), 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2022-0072

Páez, D., Mendiburo Seguel, A., & Martínez-Sánchez, F. (2013). Incremental validity of alexithymia, emotional coping and humor style on happiness and psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1621–1637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9400-0

Papousek, I., & Schulter, G. (2008). Effects of a mood-enhancing intervention on subjective well-being and cardiovascular parameters. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802365508

Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1042

Perchtold, C. M., Weiss, E. M., Rominger, C., Feyaerts, K., Ruch, W., & Fink, A. (2019). Humorous cognitive reappraisal: More benign humour and less “dark” humour is affiliated with more adaptive cognitive reappraisal strategies. PLOS One, 14(1), Article e0211618. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211618

Pérez‐Aranda, A., Hofmann, J., Feliu‐Soler, A., Ramírez‐Maestre, C., Andrés‐Rodríguez, L., Ruch, W., & Luciano, J. V. (2019). Laughing away the pain: A narrative review of humour, sense of humour and pain. European Journal of Pain, 23(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1309

Peterson, B. G., Carl, P., Boudt, K., Bennett, R., Ulrich, J., Zivot, E., Cornilly, D., Hung, E., Lestel, M., Balkissoon, K., Wuertz, D., Christidis, A. A., Martin, R. D., Zhou, Z. Z., Shea, J. M & Jain, D. (2020). PerformanceAnalytics: Econometric tools for performance and risk analysis (2.0.4) [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=PerformanceAnalytics

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press, American Psychological Association.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004

Revelle, W. (2024). psych: Procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research [R]. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych/index.html

Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(2), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.20591005

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5-12 (BETA) [Software package]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lavaan/index.html

Ruch, W., Heintz, S., Platt, T., Wagner, L., & Proyer, R. T. (2018). Broadening humor: Comic styles differentially tap into temperament, character, and ability. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00006

Ruch, W. F., Hofmann, J., Rusch, S., & Stolz, H. (2018). Training the sense of humor with the 7 Humor Habits Program and satisfaction with life. Humor, 31(2), 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0099

Ruch, W., Wagner, L., & Heintz, S. (2018). Humor, the PEN model of personality, and subjective well-being: Support for differential relationships with eight comic styles. Rivista Italiana di Studi sull’Umorismo, 1(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-147388

Rutkowski, L., & Svetina, D. (2014). Assessing the hypothesis of measurement invariance in the context of large-scale international surveys. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 74(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413498257

Salavera, C., Usán, P., & Jarie, L. (2020). Styles of humor and social skills in students. Gender differences. Current Psychology, 39, 571–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9770-x

Samson, A. C., & Gross, J. J. (2014). The dark and light sides of humor: An emotion-regulation perspective. In J. Gruber & J. T. Moskowitz (Eds.), Positive emotion: Integrating the light sides and dark sides (pp. 169–182). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926725.003.0010

Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and sense of humor: An a priori incompatibility? Theoretical considerations from a psychological perspective. HUMOR, 15(2), 191–214. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.2002.011

Saroglou, V. (2004). Being religious implies being different in humour: Evidence from self-and peer-ratings. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 7(3), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670310001606469

Saroglou, V., & Jaspard, J. M. (2001). Does religion affect humour creation? An experimental study. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 4(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/713685611

Semmer, N. K. (2006). Personality, stress, and coping. In M. E. Vollrath (Ed.), Handbook of Personality and Health (pp. 73–113). John Wiley & Sons.

Siembida, E. J., Fladeboe, K. M., Ip, E., Zebrack, B., Snyder, M. A., & Salsman, J. M. (2023). A developmental science approach to informing age subgroups in adolescent and young adult cancer research. Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(3), 543–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.014

Simione, L., & Gnagnarella, C. (2023). Humor coping reduces the positive relationship between avoidance coping strategies and perceived stress: A moderation analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13020179

Steir-Livny, L. (2024). Humor as a defense mechanism: Dismantling Holocaust symbols and icons in Israeli culture. In E. Vanderheiden & C. H. Mayer (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Humour Research (2nd ed., pp. 213–229). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52288-8_13

Straiton, M. L., Abebe, D. S. & Hauge, L. J. (2024). Age of migration and common mental disorders among migrants in early adulthood: A Norwegian registry study. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 521. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05963-1

Tagalidou, N., Loderer, V., Distlberger, E., & Laireiter, A. R. (2018). Feasibility of a humor training to promote humor and decrease stress in a subclinical sample: A single-arm pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 577. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00577

Thomas, S. E. (2000). An investigation into the use of humor for coping with stress [Unpublished PhD dissertation]. University of Waterloo.

Tomczuk-Wasilewska, J. (2009). Psychologia humoru [Psychology of humour]. Wydawnictwo KUL.

Tsai, P. H., Chen, H. C., Hung, Y. C., Chang, J. H., & Huang, S. Y. (2023). What type of humor style do older adults tend to prefer? A comparative study of humor style tendencies among individuals of different ages and genders. Current Psychology, 42(3), 2186–2197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02381-4

Veatch, T. C. (1998). A theory of humor. Humor, 11, 161–215. https://doi.org/10.1515/humr.1998.11.2.161

Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2020). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119422730

Ward, R. N., Carlson, K. J., Erickson, A. J., Yalch, M. M., & Brown, L. M. (2024). Associations of humor, morale, and unit cohesion on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Military Psychology, 36(3), 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1996103

Wegner, D. M. (1994). Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review, 101(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34

Wei, T., & Simko, V. (2024). R package “corrplot”: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix [Software package]. https://github.com/taiyun/corrplot

Wellenzohn, S., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2016a). How do positive psychology interventions work? A short-term placebo-controlled humor-based study on the role of the time focus. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.056

Wellenzohn, S., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2016b). Humor-based online positive psychology interventions: A randomized placebo-controlled long-term trial. Journal of Positive Psychology, 11, 584–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137624

Wellenzohn, S., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2018). Who benefits from humor-based positive psychology interventions? The moderating effects of personality traits and sense of humor. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 821. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00821

Williams, R. S. (2000). Use of humor in coping with stress [Unpublished PhD Dissertation]. University of Georgia.

Wilkins, J., & Eisenbraun, A. J. (2009). Humor theories and the physiological benefits of laughter. Holistic Nursing Practice, 23(6), 349–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/HNP.0b013e3181bf37ad

Zarzycka, B. (2007). Skala Centralności Religijności Stefana Hubera [Centrality of Stefan Huber’s Religiosity Scale]. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 10(1), 133–157.

Zhou, Z., Wu, J., Luo, H., Guo, Y., Tu, M., Yu, Q., & Zhang, L. (2021). The effect of humor on insight problem-solving. Personality and Individual Differences, 183, Article 111105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111105

Zhu, H., Ou, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2022). Aggressive humor style and cyberbullying perpetration: Normative tolerance and moral disengagement perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1095318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1095318