The Polish Version of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being Scale (SIWB): Development and Adaptation of a Measure

Karol Konaszewski; Małgorzata Niesiobędzka; Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz; Paweł Piotr Dobrakowski; Janusz Surzykiewicz

doi:10.18290/rpsych2024.0008

Published : 2024-07-31

Vol. 27 No. 2 (2024)

The Polish Version of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being Scale (SIWB): Development and Adaptation of a Measure

Karol Konaszewski

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-4245

Małgorzata Niesiobędzka

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-5361

Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-7251

Paweł Piotr Dobrakowski

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-2487

Janusz Surzykiewicz

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-7226

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych2024.0008

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to adapt the Polish version of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being Scale (SIWB). Our survey included 392 Polish Catholics, mostly women (N = 267). The factor analyses confirmed the two-factor nature of the SIWB. A model including a second-order factor with two first-order factors similar to the original version proposed by Frey and colleagues (2005) obtained satisfactory values of goodness-of-fit indices. The Polish version of the scale showed high internal consistency. Our study also confirmed the validity of the scale. SIWB scores were positively and strongly related to existential well-being, moderately positively related to resilience and spiritual well-being, and positively and weakly related to religious well-being. The SIWB is a tool for measuring spiritual quality of life with good psychometric properties. The tool can be used to diagnose an index of psychological well-being in the general population.

Keywords:

spirituality, well-being, health, self-efficacy, life-scheme

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

pdf

Altmetric indicators

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Antonovsky, A. (1996). The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion. Health Promotion International, 11(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/11.1.11

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.

Bussing, A., Baumann, K., Hvidt, N. C., Koenig, H. G., Puchalski, C. M., & Swinton, J. (2014). Spirituality and health. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (1), Article 682817. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/682817

Büssing, A., Recchia, D. R., & Baumann, K. (2018). Validation of the gratitude/awe questionnaire and its association with disposition of gratefulness. Religions, 9(4), Article 117. https:// doi.org/10.3390/rel9040117

Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., & Solomon, D. T. (2010). Posttraumatic growth and depreciation as independent experiences and predictors of well-being. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 15(3), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020903375826

Daaleman, T. P., & Frey, B. B. (2004). The spirituality index of well-being: A new instrument for health-related quality-of-life research. The Annals of Family Medicine, 2(5), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.89

Daaleman, T. P., Frey, B. B., Wallace, D., & Studenski, S. A. (2002). The Spirituality Index of Well-Being: Development and testing of a new measure. The Journal of Family Practice, 51(11), Article 952. PMID: 12485549

Dadfar, M., Lester, D., Turan, Y., Beshai, J. A., & Unterrainer, H.-F. (2021). Religious spiritual well-being: Results from Muslim Iranian clinical and non-clinical samples by age, sex and group. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 33(1), 16–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15528030.2020.1818161

Da Silva J. P., Pereira, A., Monteiro, S. O., & Bartolo, A. (2020). Comparing measures of religiosity and spirituality in the experience of emotions–Development and validation of a scale of non-spiritual religiosity. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 51(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/ 10.24425/ppb.2020.132651

de Oliveira, J. A. C., Anderson, M. I. P., Lucchetti, G., Ávila Pires, E. V., & Gonçalves, L. M. (2019). Approaching spirituality using the patient-centered clinical method. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0534-6

Dey, N. E. Y., Amponsah, B., & Wiafe-Akenteng, C. B. (2021). Spirituality and subjective well-being of Ghanaian parents of children with special needs: The mediating role of resilience. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(9), 1377–1388. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053198 73956

Dezorzi, L. W., Raymundo, M. M., Goldim, J. R., & de Oliveira, C. A. V. (2019). Spirituality in the continuing education of healthcare professionals: An approach to palliative care. Palliative & Supportive Care, 17(6), 662–667. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951519000117

Dobrakowski, P. P., Skalski, S., Surzykiewicz, J., Muszyńska, J., & Konaszewski, K. (2021). Religious coping and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic among Polish Catholics. The mediating effect of coronavirus anxiety. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), Article 4865. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214865

Elkins, D. N. (2001). Beyond religion: Toward a humanistic spirituality. In K. J. Schneider, J. T. Bugental, & J. F. Pierson (Eds.), The handbook of humanistic psychology: Leading edges in theory, research, and practice (pp. 201–212). Sage.

Faisal, T., & Mathai, S. M. (2017). Resilience and spirituality as correlates of psychological wellbeing among adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.25215/0403.143

Frey, B. B., Daaleman, T. P., & Peyton, V. (2005). Measuring a dimension of spirituality for health research: Validity of the spirituality index of well-being. Research on Aging, 27(5), 556–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027505277847

Frey, B. B., Pedrotti, J. T., Edwards, L. M., & McDermott, D. (2004). Cognitive spirituality and hope in Catholic high school students. Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, 7(4), 479–491.

Kleinman, A., Eisenberg, L., & Good, B. (1978). Culture, illness, and care: Clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 88(2), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-251

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.

Koenig, H. G., & Cohen, H. J. (2006). Spirituality across the lifespan. Southern Medical Journal, 99(10), 1157–1159.

Konaszewski, K., Niesiobędzka, M., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2020). Validation of the Polish version of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). PloS One, 15(8), Article e0237038. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0237038

Konaszewski, K., Niesiobędzka, M., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2021a). Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish adaptation of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1), Article 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12955-021-01716-w

Konaszewski, K., Niesiobędzka, M., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2021b). Resilience and mental health among juveniles: Role of strategies for coping with stress. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19(1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01701-3

Konaszewski, K., Skalski-Bednarz, S. B., Büssing, A., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2024). Adaptation and preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the gratitude/awe questionnaire (GrAw-7). Journal of Beliefs & Values, 45(1), 37–54. https://doi. org/10.1080/13617672.2022.2153352

Krok, D. (2015). Religiousness, spirituality, and coping with stress among late adolescents: A meaning-making perspective. Journal of Adolescence, 45, 196–203. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.adolescence.2015.10.004

MacDonald, D. A. (2011). Studying spirituality scientifically: Reflections, considerations, recommendations. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(3), 195–210. https://doi. org/10.1080/14766086.2011.599145

Maier, K., Konaszewski, K., Skalski, S. B., Büssing, A., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2022). Spiritual needs, religious coping and mental wellbeing: A cross-sectional study among migrants and refugees in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), Article 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063415

Manning, L. K. (2013). Navigating hardships in old age: Exploring the relationship between spirituality and resilience in later life. Qualitative Health Research, 23(4), 568–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732312471730

Oser, F. K., Scarlett, W. G., & Bucher, A. (2006). Religious and spiritual development throughout the life span. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 942–998). John Wiley & Sons.

Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 224–236). John Wiley & Sons.

Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, Research. Practice. The Guildford Press.

Pargament, K. I., Murray-Swank, N. A., Magyar, G. M., & Ano, G. G. (2005). Spiritual struggle: A phenomenon of interest to psychology and religion. In W. R. Miller & H. D. Delaney (Eds.), Judeo-Christian perspectives on psychology: Human nature, motivation, and change (pp. 245–268). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10859-013

Pasquale, F. L. (2007). Empirical study and neglect of unbelief and irreligion. In T. Flynn (Ed.), The new encyclopaedia of unbelief (pp. 760–766). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

Rosmarin, D. H., Krumrei, E. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2010). Are gratitude and spirituality protective factors against psychopathology? International Journal of Existential Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3(1), 1–5.

Rosmarin, D. H., & Leidl, B. (2020). Spirituality, religion, and anxiety disorders. Handbook of spirituality, religion, and mental health (2nd ed., pp. 41–60). Academic Press. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816766-3.00003-3

Rovers, M., & Kocum, L. (2010). Development of a holistic model of spirituality. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 12(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349630903495475

Sessanna, L., Finnell, D. S., Underhill, M., Chang, Y.-P., & Peng, H.-L. (2011). Measures assessing spirituality as more than religiosity: A methodological review of nursing and health-related literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(8), 1677–1694. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05596.x

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972

Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Wiggins, K. T., Bernard, J. F., & Dalen, J. (2012). Spirituality, resilience, and positive emotions. In L. J. Miller (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of psychology and spirituality (pp. 437–454). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/978019 9729920.013.0028

Surzykiewicz, J., Konaszewski, K., Skalski, S., Dobrakowski, P. P., & Muszyńska, J. (2021). Resilience and mental health in the Polish population during the COVID-19 lockdown: A mediation analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(21), Article 4974. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jcm10214974

Thompson, S. C., & Janigian, A. S. (1988). Life schemes: A framework for understanding the search for meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 7(2–3), 260–280. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1988.7.2-3.260

Visser, A., Garssen, B., & Vingerhoets, A. J. (2017). Existential well-being: Spirituality or well-being? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(3), 234–241. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000617

Wilt, J. A., Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2016). Personality, religious and spiritual struggles, and well-being. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(4), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000054

Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., & Scott, A. B. (1999). The emerging meanings of religiousness and spirituality: Problems and prospects. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 889–919. https:// doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00077