The Role of Instrumental Values in Shaping Religious Experience in the Life of Polish Youth With Various Types of Hope

Stanisław Głaz

doi:10.18290/pepsi-2024-0003

Published : 2025-04-17

Vol. 30 No. 1 (2024)

The Role of Instrumental Values in Shaping Religious Experience in the Life of Polish Youth With Various Types of Hope

Stanisław Głaz

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-0345

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/pepsi-2024-0003

Abstract

The article shows preferred instrumental values, the level of hope, and types of hope, as well as the relationship between instrumental values and religious experience in the life of Polish youth with different types of hope. The research was conducted among the University Ignatianum youth students in Kraków, Poland. The age of the participants ranged between 19 and 23 years. Three tools instrument were applied: the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), the Hope Scale (HS) by Snyder, and the Intensity of Religious Experience Scale (IRES) by Głaz. Young people from 18 instrumental values, valued most the following values: helpful (moral value), capable, and self-controlled (competence values). Moreover, young people reveal different types of hope. They exhibit an average level of agency and a high level of pathways, a high level of experience of God’s presence, and an average level of experience of God’s absence. There is a statistically significant link between some instrumental values and the religious experience of God’s presence and God’s absence in the life of young people with different types of hope.

Keywords:

instrumental values, religious experience, hope, Polish young people

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

pdf

Citation rules

Głaz, S. (2025). The Role of Instrumental Values in Shaping Religious Experience in the Life of Polish Youth With Various Types of Hope. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 30(1), 55–84. https://doi.org/10.18290/pepsi-2024-0003

Altmetric indicators

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Aghababaei, N., Sohrabi, F., Eskandari, H., Borjali, A., Farrokhi, N., & Chen, Z. J. (2016). Predicting well-being by religious and scientific attitudes with hope, purpose in life, and death anxiety as mediators. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.046

Ai, M. L., Peterson, C., Tice, T. N., Bolling, S. F., & Koenig, H. G. (2004). Faith-based and secular pathways to hope and optimism subconstructs in middle-aged and older cardiac patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105304042352

Bednarczyk-Smolińska, D. (1983). Hierarchia i priorytety wartości uznawanych przez młodzież [The hierarchy and priorities of values recognized by youth]. Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze, 9, 24–37.

Bilsky, W., & Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Values and personality. European Journal of Personality, 8, 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080303

Bridges, L. J., & Moore, K. M. (2002). Religion and spirituality in childhood and adolescence. Child Trends.

Brzozowski, P. (1986). Skala wartości – Polska wersja Testu Miltona Rokeacha [Polish version of the Rokeach Value Survey]. In R. L. Drwal (Ed.), Techniki kwestionariuszowe w diagnostyce psychologicznej (pp. 81–122). Wydawnictwo UMCS.

Buber, M. (1958). I and Thou. Scribner Classics.

Chang, E. C., Kahle, E. R., Yu, E. A. Lee, J. Y., Kupfermann, Y., & Hirsch, J. K. (2013). Relations of religiosity and spirituality with depressive symptoms in primary care adults: Evidence for hope agency and pathway as mediators. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(4), 314–321. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17439760.2013.800905

Ciarrocchi, J. W., & Heaven, P. C. (2012). Religious values and the development of trait hope and self-esteem in adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.2307/23353826

Cieciuch, J. (2006). Kryzys wartości i przekonań religijnych w okresie dorastania. Psychologia Rozwojowa, 11(4), 91–102.

Cieciuch, J. (2013). Kształtowanie się systemu wartości od dzieciństwa do wczesnej dorosłości [Crisis of values and religious beliefs during adolescence]. Liberi Libri.

Ciocanel, O., Power, K., Eriksen, A., & Gillings, K. (2017). Effectiveness of positive youth development interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46, 483–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0555-6

Czerniawska, M. (1995). Inteligencja a system wartości [Intelligence and the value system]. Trans Humana.

Czerniawska, M. (2000). Agresja a system wartości [Aggression and the value system]. In R. Derbis (Ed.), Jakość rozwoju a jakość życia (pp. 353–364). WSP.

Czerniawska, M. (2002). Empatia a system wartości [Empathy and the Value System]. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 1, 7–18.

Czerwińska-Jasiewicz, M. (2005). Rozwój psychiczny młodzieży a jej koncepcje dotyczące własnego życia [The psychological development of young people and their ideas about their own lives]. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Psychologii PAN.

Eichas, K., Albrecht, R. E., Garcia, A. J., Ritchie, R. A., Varela, A., Garcia, A., Rinaldi, R., Wang, R., Montgomery, M. J., Silverman, W. K., Jaccard, J., & Kurtines, W. M. (2010). Mediators of positive youth development intervention change: promoting change in positive and problem outcomes? Child & Youth Care Forum, 39, 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-010-9103-9

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.

Feather, N. T. (1995). Values, valences, and choice: The influence of values on the perceived attractiveness and choice of alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1135–1151. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1135

Freud, S. (1961). A religious experience. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud (pp. 167–172). Hogarth Press, Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Furnham, A. F. (1984). Personality and values. Personality and Individual Differences, 5(4), 483–485. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00145-9.

Głaz, S. (2011). Osobowościowe uwarunkowania przeżyć religijnych młodzieży studiującej [Personality conditioning of religious experience in college students]. WAM.

Głaz, S. (2013). The role of the meaning of life and religious experience of God’s presence and God’s absence among students with different levels of conscience sensitivity. Religions, 4, 132–144. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel4010132

Głaz, S. (2015). The importance of terminal values and religious experience of God’s presence and God’s absence in the lives of university students with various levels of empathy. Journal of Religion and Health, 54, 1052–1067. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9884-5

Głaz, S. (2016). Values as predictors of religious experience in the lives of seminary students of philosophy and students of physics. Journal of Religion and Health, 55, 2099–2112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0235-6

Głaz, S. (2021). Psychological analysis of religious experience: The construction of the Intensity of Religious Experience Scale (IRES). Journal of Religion and Health, 60, 576–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01084-7

Gordon, A. (1972). L’individuo e la sua religione [The individual and his or her religion]. La Scuola.

Grof, S. (1985). Beyond the brain: Birth, death, and transcendence in psychotherapy. State University of new York Press.

Hall, T. W., & Edwards, K. J. (2002). The spiritual assessment inventory: a theistic model and measure for assessing spiritual development. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(2), 341–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00121

Hardy, S. A., & King, P. E. (2019). Processes of religious and spiritual influence in adolescence: Introduction to a special section. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29, 244–53.

Haslam, N., Whelan, J., & Bastian, B. (2009). Big five traits mediate associations between values and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 40–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.001

Homplewicz, J. (1996). Etyka pedagogiczna [Pedagogical ethics]. WSP.

Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2009). The psychology of religion: An empirical approach. Guilford Press.

Huuskes, L. M., Heaven, P. C., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., & Caltabiano, N. (2016). Is belief in God related to differences in adolescents’ psychological functioning? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 55, 40–53.

Inglehart, R. (2000). Globalization and postmodern values. The Washington Quarterly, 21(1), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1162/016366000560665

James, w. (1968). The varieties of religious experience. A study in human nature. Collier Books.

King, P. E., Vaughn, J. M., Yoo, Y., Tirrell, J. M., Dowling, E. M., Lerner, R. M., Geldhof, G. J., Lerner, J. V., Iraheta, G., williams, K. & Sim, A. T. (2020). Exploring religiousness and hope: Examining the roles of spirituality and social connections among Salvadoran youth. Religions, 11(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11020075

Kleszcz, M. (2011). Postawa twórcza a hierarchia wartości młodego pokolenia [The creative attitude and the hierarchy of values in the young generation]. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.

Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stage and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior: Theory, research, and social issues (pp. 31–53). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Kozielecki, J. (2006). Psychologia nadziei. Wydawnictwo Akademickie “Żak”.

Krause, N., & Ellison, C. (2003). Forgiveness by God, forgiveness of others, and psychological well-being in late life. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1, 77–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/168-5906.00162

Krok, D. (2015). Value systems and religiosity as predictors of nonreligious and religious coping with stress in early adulthood. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 3, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.12740/aPP/59050

Kwiatek, P. (2012). znaczenie i rozwój psychologii nadziei w ujęciu Charlesa Richarda Snydera [Meaning and development of the psychology of hope as viewed by Charles Richard Snyder]. Seminare. Poszukiwania Naukowe, 3, 157–170.

Lerner, J. V., Phelps, E., Forman, Y. E., & Bowers, E. P. (2009). Positive youth development. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology (pp. 524–558). John wiley & Sons.

Mariański, J. (2021). Indywidualizacja religijna i moralna jako megatrend społecznokulturowy. Studium socjologiczne. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.

Maslow, a. H. 1970. Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences. Ohio State University Press.

Mo, Y., zhao, J., & Li-Ping Tang, T. (2023). Religious beliefs inspire sustainable HOPE (Help Ourselves Protect the Environment): Culture, religion, dogma, and liturgy—The Matthew Effect in religious social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 184, 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05131-z

Nurmi, J.-E. (1991). How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Development Review, 11, 1–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(91)90002-6

Olbrycht, K. (2000). Wychowanie do nadziei [Education for hope]. Pedagogia Christiana, 1, 45–51.

Oman, D., & Thoresen, C. T. (2005). Do religion and spirituality influence health? In R. f. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (435–445). Guilford Press.

Otto, R. (1968). Le sacre: L’élément non-rationnel dans l’idée du divin et sa relation avec le rationnel [The sacred: The non-rational element in the idea of the divine and its relationship with the rational]. Payot.

Pargament, K. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford.

Płużek, z. (1994). Psychologia pastoralna [Pastoral psychology]. Instytut Teologiczny Księży Misjonarzy.

Popielski, K. (2008). Psychologia egzystencji [The psychology of existence]. KUL.

Prince, S. E. (1987). Psychological correspondences of possession, attitudes, and values. Journal of Psychology and Social Psychology, 53, 993–1003.

Rahner, K. (1984). Corso fundamentale sulla fede. Introduzione al concetto di cristianesimo [A fundamental course in faith: An introduction to the concept of Christianity]. Paoline.

Rim, S. Y. (1984). Importance of values according to personality, intelligence and sex. Personality and Individual Difference, 5(2), 246–246.

Roccas, S. (2005). Religion and values system. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 747–759.

Rogers, C. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.

Rokeach, M. (1969). Religious values and social compassion. Review of Religious Research, 11, 23–38.

Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. Free Press.

Rutjens, B. T., van der Pligt, J., & van Harreveld, f. (2009). Things will get better: The anxiety-buffering qualities of progressive hope. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208331252

Satici, S. a. (2016). Psychological vulnerability, resilience, and subjective wellbeing: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 68–73.

Scheler, M. (1966). Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik [Formalism in ethics and the material ethics of values]. Francke.

Schmid, K. L., & Lopez, S. (2011). Positive pathways to adulthood: The role of hope in adolescents’ constructions of their futures. In R. M. Lerner, J. V. Lerner, & J. B. Benson (Eds.), Positive Youth Development (pp. 72–89). Academic Press.

Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 1–65). academic Press.

Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Basic human values: Theory measurement and applications. Revue Francaise de Sociologie, 47(4), 929–968.

Schwartz, S. H., & Lifschitz, T. R. (2005). Sex differences in value priorities: Crosscultural and multimethod studies. Journal Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 1010–1028. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.1010

Shek, D. T., & Chai, W. (2020). The impact of positive youth development attributes and life satisfaction on academic well-being: a longitudinal mediation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02126

Shek, D. T., Dou, D., Zhu, X., & Chai, W. (2019). Positive youth development: Current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 10, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.2147/aHMT.S179946

Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., & Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 22, 685–715. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.22.6 .685.22938

Silberman, I. (2005). Religion as a meaning system: Implication for the new Millennium. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 641–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00425.x

Smith, H. (1964). Do drugs have religious import? Journal of Philosophy, 61, 517–530.

Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. Free Press.

Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: Rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 249–275. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1304_01

Snyder, C. R. Cheri, H., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585. https:// doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.60.4.570

Staats, S. (1989). Hope – a comparison of two self-report measures for adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(2), 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5302_13

Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., Heinze, L., Neufeld, J. E., Shorey, H. S., Roberts, J. C., & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73, 313–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467–6494.2005.00311.x

Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796aBM2401_04

Wilson, J. P. (1983). Motives, values and moral judgments. Journal of Personality

Assessment, 47, 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4704_12 Zavalloni, R. (1991). Psicologia della speranzza. Per sentirsi realizzalti [The psychology of hope: To be fulfilled]. Paoline Edizioni.