What Does the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Depend On? Demographic and Personality Correlates of Attitudes Towards AI

Wiesław Talik

doi:10.18290/pepsi-2025-0012

Published : 2025-12-30

Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025)

What Does the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Depend On? Demographic and Personality Correlates of Attitudes Towards AI

Wiesław Talik

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-3968

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18290/pepsi-2025-0012

Abstract

The study examines the correlation between demographic variables such as age, gender, education, and residence, personality traits including Big Five personal-ity traits, and self-esteem, positive orientation, anxiety, and attitudes towards artificial intelligence. The research draws upon Grassini’s theoretical frame-work concerning attitudes towards AI, while also drawing upon extant research which has previously examined the correlates of this attitude. The research was conducted in Poland with a sample of 922 adults. The study employed several scales to measure different constructs (AIAS-4, TIPI-PL, SES, P-Scale, and the S-CL anxiety scale). The study found variations in attitudes towards AI based on gender and education level. Men, individuals with higher levels of education and of positive orientation, and lower levels of neuroticism were more likely to have positive attitudes towards AI. The results of the regression analysis show that gender, age, education level, positive orientation, self-esteem, anxiety, and neuroticism are predictors of general attitude towards AI. These findings un-derscore the necessity for ongoing research into the social and psychological determinants of AI acceptance, and they indicate the requirement for customised strategies that will engender more inclusive and informed technology adoption.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence, attitudes toward AI, adults, personality traits, age, gender

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

pdf

Citation rules

Talik, W. (2025). What Does the Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Depend On? Demographic and Personality Correlates of Attitudes Towards AI. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 31(1), 339–355. https://doi.org/10.18290/pepsi-2025-0012

Altmetric indicators

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Caprara, G. V., Alessandri, G., Eisenberg, N., Kupfer, A., Steca, P., Caprara, M. G., Yamaguchi, S., Fukuzawa, A., & Abela, J. (2012). The positivity scale. Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 701–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026681

Centeno-Martín, H., Toledano-Buendía, S., & Ardèvol-Abreu, A. (2023). Who interacts with communicative AI and what attitudes are displayed toward it? Sociodemographic, personality, and futurephobia variables. Profesional de La Información, 32(5), Article e320502. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.sep.02

Chen, Y.-N. K., & Wen, C.-H. R. (2021). Impacts of attitudes toward government and corporations on public trust in artificial intelligence. Communication Studies, 72(1), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2020.1807380

Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(6), 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1

Grassini, S. (2023). Development and validation of the AI Attitude Scale (AIAS-4): A brief measure of general attitude toward artificial intelligence. Frontiers of Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191628

Grassini, S., & Koivisto, M. (2024). Understanding how personality traits, experiences, and attitudes shape negative bias toward AI-generated artworks.

Scientific Reports, 14, Article 4113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54294-4

Kaya, F., Aydin, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yetişensoy, O., & Demir Kaya, M. (2024). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes toward artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 40(2), 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2151730

Łaguna, M., Lachowicz-Tabaczek, K., & Dzwonkowska, I. (2007). Skala samooceny SES Morrisa Rosenberga – polska adaptacja metody [The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Polish adaptation of the scale]. Psychologia Społeczna, 2(4), 164–176.

Łaguna, M., Oleś, P., & Filipiuk, D. (2011). Orientacja pozytywna i jej pomiar: Polska adaptacja skali orientacji pozytywnej [Positive orientation and its measurement: Polish adaptation of the Positivity Scale]. Studia Psychologiczne, 49(4), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10167-010-0035-7

Montag, C., Ali, R., & Davis, K. L. (2025). Affective neuroscience theory and attitudes towards artificial intelligence. AI & Society, 40(1), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01841-8

Park, J., & Woo, S. E. (2022). Who likes artificial intelligence? Personality predictors of attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Journal of Psychology, 156(1), 68–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2021.2012109

Piksa, M., Kosiorowska, E., & Golonka, K. (2020). Skala Lęku – Cecha (SL-C) [The Anxiety Scale – Trait]. Uniwersytet Jagielloński. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17148.36484/3

Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books.

Stein, J.-P., Messingschlager, T., Gnambs, T., Hutmacher, F., & Appel, M. (2024). Attitudes towards AI: Measurement and associations with personality. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 2909. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53335-2

Schepman, A., & Rodway, P. (2023) The general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS): Confirmatory validation and associations with personality, corporate distrust, and general trust. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39(13), 2724–2741. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2085400

Sorokowska, A., Słowińska, A., Zbieg, A., & Sorokowski, P. (2014). Polska adaptacja testu Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) – TIPI-PL – wersja standardowa i internetowa [Polish adaptation of the TIPI: The standard and the online version]. WrocLab. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4811.5521

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety scale. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Talik, W., Talik, E. B., & Grassini, S. (2025). Measurement invariance of the artificial intelligence attitude scale (AIAS-4): Cross-cultural studies in Poland, the USA, and the UK. Current Psychology, 44, 15758–15766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08348-z