Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD–R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235
Berg-Beckhoff, G., Nielsen, G., & Ladekjær Larsen, e. (2017). Use of information communication technology and stress, burnout, and mental health in older, middle-aged, and younger workers – results from a systematic review. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 23(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10773525.2018.1436015
Bolton, D., & Gillett, G. (2019). The biopsychosocial model of health and disease: New philosophical and scientific developments. Springer Nature.
Borle, P., Reichel, K., Niebuhr, F., & Voelter-Mahlknecht, S. (2021). How are techno-stressors associated with mental health and work outcomes? A systematic review of occupational exposure to information and communication technologies within the technostress model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), Article 8673. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18168673
Brod, C. (1984). Technostress: The human cost of the computer revolution. Addison-Wesley.
Bulińska-Stangrecka, H., & Bagieńska, A. (2021). The role of employee relations in shaping job satisfaction as an element promoting positive mental health at work in the era of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), Article 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041903
Califf, C., Sarker, S., Sarker, S., & Fitzgerald, C. (2015). The bright and dark sides of technostress: An empirical study of healthcare workers. Fort Worth, 1–13.
Čartolovni, A., Stolt, M., Scott, P. A., & Suhonen, R. (2021). Moral injury in healthcare professionals: A scoping review and discussion. Nursing ethics, 28(5), 590–602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020966776
Chang, M. L., & Engelhard Jr, G. (2016). examining the teachers’ sense of efficacy scale at the item level with Rasch measurement model. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282915593835
Chirico, F., Crescenzo, P., Sacco, A., Ricco, M., Ripa, S., Nucera, G., & Magnavita, N. (2021). Prevalence of burnout syndrome among Italian volunteers of the Red Cross: A cross-sectional study. Industrial health, 59(2), 117–127. https:// doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2020-0246
Christian, M., Purwanto, e., & Wibowo, S. (2020). Technostress creators on teaching performance of private universities in Jakarta during Covid-19 pandemic. Technology Reports of Kansai University, 62(6), 2799–2809.
Corvello, V., De Carolis, M., Verteramo, S., & Steiber, A. (2022). The digital transformation of entrepreneurial work. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 28(5), 1167–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJeBR-01-2021-0067
De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., & Cowden, R. G. (2022). The mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 35(5), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1097/ YCO.0000000000000805
Demerouti, e., Bakker, A. B., Vardakou, I., & Kantas, A. (2003). The convergent validity of two burnout instruments: A multitrait-multimethod analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 12–23. https://doi. org/10.1027/1015-5759.19.1.12
Dutta, D., & Mishra, S. K. (2024). “Technology is killing me!”: the moderating effect of organization home-work interface on the linkage between technostress and stress at work. Information Technology & People, 37(6), 2203–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2022-0169
Dragano, N., & Lunau, T. (2020). Technostress at work and mental health: Concepts and research results. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(4), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000613
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.847460
Epskamp, S., Stuber, S., Nak, J., Veenman, M., & Jorgensen, T. D. (2022). semPlot: Path diagrams and visual analysis of various SEM packages’ output. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/semPlot/ index.html
Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. Sage. Retrieved September 22, 2012, from https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/4913501
Fife, D. (2019). Flexplot: graphically-based data analysis. PsyArXiv. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://osf.io/kh9c3
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
Fuglseth, A. M., & Sørebø, Ø. (2014). The effects of technostress within the context of employee use of ICT. Computers in Human Behavior, 40, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.040
Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G. & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), Article 7857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217857
Goldberg, D., & Williams, P. (2001). Ocena zdrowia psychicznego na podstawie badań kwestionariuszami Davida Goldberga. Podręcznik dla użytkowników kwestionariuszy GHQ12 i GHQ-28 [Appraisal of mental health based on tests using David Goldberg questionnaires: GHQ12 and GHQ-28 user manual]. Instytut Medycyny Pracy.
Golz, C., Peter, K. A., zwakhalen, S. M., & Hahn, S. (2021). Technostress among health professionals – A multilevel model and group comparisons between settings and professions. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 137–149.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1872579
Hillert, A., Albrecht, A., & Voderholzer, U. (2020). The burnout phenomenon: A résumé after more than 15,000 scientific publications. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 519237. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.519237
Huntington-Klein, N. (2023). vtable: Variable Table for Variable Documentation. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ vtable/index.html
Hwang, I., & Cha, O. (2018). examining technostress creators and role stress as potential threats to employees’ information security compliance. Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.022
Jaworowska, A. (2014). LBQ. Kwestionariusz wypalenia zawodowego, polska adaptacja [LBQ. Link Burnout Questionnaire, a Polish adaptation]. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego.
Jena, R. K. (2015). Technostress in ICT enabled collaborative learning environment: An empirical study among Indian academician. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 1116–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.020
Kamarudin, N. A., Moulton, N. H., Syed, S. F., Fuzi, M., Yussoff, N. e., Shazali, N. M., Bastyian, M., & Mahmud, N. H. R. (2023). Sources of work burnout: A look at their relationship. Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(7), 1779–93. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i7/15006
Khedhaouria, A., & Cucchi, A. (2019). Technostress creators, personality traits, and job burnout: A fuzzy-set configurational analysis. Journal of Business Research, 101, 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.029
Kot, P. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of Technostress Creators and Technostress Inhibitors Scale. Medycyna Pracy, 73(4), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.01236
Lara-Cabrera, M. L., Betancort, M., Muñoz-Rubilar, C. A., Rodríguez Novo, N., & De las Cuevas, C. (2021). The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and mental health. International Journal
of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), Article 9762. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph18189762
Lehman, B. J., David, D. M., & Gruber, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(8), e12328. https://doi.org/10.1111/ spc3.12328
Li, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Technostress inhibitors and creators and their impacts on university teachers’ work performance in higher education. Cognition, Technology & Work, 23, 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-020-00625-0
Makowska, z., & Merecz, D. (2001). Polska Adaptacja Kwestionariuszy Ogólnego Stanu zdrowia Dawida Goldberga GHQ-12 and GHQ-28 [Polish adaptation of David Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaires GHQ-12 and GHQ-28]. Instytut Medycyny Pracy.
Marchiori, D. M., Mainardes, e. W., & Rodrigues, R. G. (2019). Do individual characteristics influence the types of technostress reported by workers?. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(3), 218–230. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1449713
Maslach, C. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey (MBI-HSS). MBI manual, 192–198.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Niu, L., Wang, X., Wallace, M. P., Pang, H., & Xu, Y. (2022). Digital learning of english as a foreign language among university students: How are approaches to learning linked to digital competence and technostress? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(5), 1332–1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12679
Nouri, F., Feizi, A., Roohafza, H., Sadeghi, M., & Sarrafzadegan, N. (2021). How different domains of quality of life are associated with latent dimensions of mental health measured by GHQ-12. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 19, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01892-9
Pansini, M., Buonomo, I., De Vincenzi, C., Ferrara, B., & Benevene, P. (2023, February). Positioning Technostress in the JD-R model perspective: A systematic literature review. Healthcare, 11(3), 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ healthcare11030446
Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information systems research, 19(4), 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0165
Revelle, W. (2023). psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/ packages/psych/index.html
Rosseel, Y., Jorgensen, T. D., Rockwood, N., Oberski, D., Byrnes, J., Vanbrabant, L., Savalei, V., Merkle, e., Hallquist, M., Rhemtulla, M., Katsikatsou, M., Barendse, M., Rockwood, N., Scharf, F., Han Du, Jamil, H., & Classe, F. (2023). lavaan: Latent variable analysis. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lavaan/index.html
Rożnowski, B. (2020). Are professional burnout and work engagement opposing or independent constructs? Roczniki Psychologiczne, 23(3), 291–307. https:// doi.org/10.18290/rpsych20233-6
Ruini, C., Li Pira, G., Cordella, E., & Vescovelli, F. (2024). Positive mental health, depression and burnout in healthcare workers during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 32(1), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.13099
Santinello, M. (2008). LBQ Link Burnout Questionnaire: Manuale. Giunti O.S. Organizzazioni Speciali.
Seibold, S. (2022). Stress, mobbing und burn-out: Umgang mit leistungsdruck — Belastungen im Beruf meistern. Springer.
Schaufeli, W. B., Desart, S., & De Witte, H. (2020). Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT)—development, validity, and reliability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), Article 9495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249495
Tarafdar, M., Cooper, C. L., & Stich, J. F. (2019). The technostress trifecta-techno eustress, techno distress and design: Theoretical directions and an agenda for research. Information Systems Journal, 29(1), 6–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/ isj.12169
Tarafdar, M., Pullins, E. B., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2015). Technostress: negative effect on performance and possible mitigations. Information Systems Journal, 25(2), 103–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12042
Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2010). Impact of technostress on end-user satisfaction and performance. Journal of management information systems, 27(3), 303–334. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222270311
Wickham, H., Bryan, J., Posit, P., Kalicinski, M., Komarov, V., Leitienne, C., Colbert, B., Hoerl, D., & Miller, E. M. (2023). readxl: Read Excel Files. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ readxl/index.html
Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., Woo, K., Yutani, H., Dunnington, D., & Posit PBC. (2023). ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html
Wickham, H., Miller, E., & Smith, D., (2023). haven: Import and Export “SPSS”, “Stata” and “SAS” Files. Retrieved September 22, 2023, from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/haven/index.html
Yao, A. Y., Jamal, M., & Demerouti, e. (2015). Relationship of challenge and hindrance stressors with burnout and its three dimensions. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14(4), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000141
Yates, S. W. (2020). Physician stress and burnout. The American Journal of Medicine, 133(2), 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.08.034
Yener, S., Arslan, A., & Kilinç, S. (2021). The moderating roles of technological self-efficacy and time management in the technostress and employee performance relationship through burnout. Information Technology & People, 34(7), 1890–1919. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-09-2019-0462
Zhao, G., Wang, Q., Wu, L., & Dong, Y. (2022). exploring the structural relationship between university support, students’ technostress, and burnout in technology-enhanced learning. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 31(4), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00588-4
Zipf, S. T. (2025). The price of productivity: Burnout and technostress among academic library workers. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 51(5), Article 103125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2025.103125